Topic: Development and Pollution
Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates:
According to the report, as a developed country, Australia has the highest per capita level of greenhouse gas emissions in the world, largely because of its heavy reliance on coal to generate electricity. It shows that the figure of the releasing amount of carbon dioxide for each person is 27 per cent higher than the amount produced by American citizens and more than double the average figure for people living in industrialised countries.
In order to get better on this issue and protect our country’s environment, our country has already taken some actions. The Australian government has reacted positively towards many of Australia's pollution concerns. There have been many laws, initiatives, organisations and educational programs implemented to fix Australia's many pollution issues.
Australia has already taken some actions to response this issue. For instance, The organization called The Natural Heritage Trust (NHT) restores and conserves Australia's environment and natural resources (air and water). Set up in 1997 by the Government, the NHT funds many community, regional, State and national-level activities that improve the state of the environment and reduce pollutants.
Since as we know, the environmental problem is the global concerns among all the countries, Australia has worked with China through the organization called The Australian China Environment Development Partnership (ACEDP) since 2007. It’s a big step to solve this issues which both Australia and China are facing.
During the development of Australia, Australia also thinks we can have the ability and responsibility to take actions to this issue. Australia hopes we can work with more countries that have the same goals in order to reduce the amount of greenhouse gas and some else environmental issues.
Topic: The Obesity Epidemic
Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates:
As the countries quickly developed, more and more obesity condition occurs in most countries, as wells as Australia. Reports of an obesity epidemic appear with increasing frequency and rising concern in Australia. According to the report of World Health Organization, it shows that 67.4% of Australian adults are overweight in 2013.
Since as we know obesity can be a serious health condition, Australia has already started to take the actions to response this issue. For example, Australia’s has been developed that focuses on children and young people in the first instance. the Australian Government has revised the national dietary for diet, guidelines for adults and children, as well as developing new clinical guidelines on the management of overweight and obesity.
Other countries such as America also have the same situation as Australia. Also, they approval the policy to this issue, in 2008, Michelle Obama was leading an initiative to combat childhood obesity entitled “Let’s move”.
Obesity is a serious health condition and losing weight can greatly improve your general health, your quality of life and your sense of wellbeing. So Australia strongly encourage and support people can try their ways to reduce the percentage of obesity people in Australia and have a more healthy life.
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World Health Organization
Topic: Obesity and overweight Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates: Obesity and Overweight issue has been more and more serious these years. According to the study, over the past 13 years the average weight of a woman in Turkey increased by six kilograms, while the average weight of a man increased by seven kilograms. Now the average weight of Turkish is 69.06 kg, higher than the world average which is 62 kg. The diseases caused by obesity such as diabetes has increased to 13.7 percent, compared with 7.2 percent 13 years ago. Obesity and overweight issue has affected citizen’s health in Turkey a lot. The obesity and overweight issue has attracted the government’s attention and we are action. The government has used economic power to solve the problem. Last year, the total national expenditure on health issue is 6.7%, even more than the percentage on military. Turkey would like to learn from our allies like China to promote health habit and control average weight throughout the nation. The government suggests there should be warnings on food packaging just like the warning messages on cigarette packages, and we should also put calorie information on menus in restaurants. That’s gonna remind citizens to build a proper concept of healthy diet. Economic and Social Council Topic: Development and Pollution Honorable Chair and fellow delegates: Turkey's economy experienced high levels of growth in the mid-1990s, the country's boom in industrial production resulted in higher levels of pollution and greater risks to the country's environment.The most serious issues of environment includes water pollution from the dumping of chemicals and detergents; air pollution, particularly in urban areas; deforestation; and the potential for spills from the 5,000 oil- and gas-carrying ships that pass through the Bosporus annually. Turkey has taken action on these issues. In 1983, Turkey promulgated the country's overarching "Environmental Law," and a national Ministry of Environment was created in 1991. Turkey is building an extensive network of hydroelectric energy sources in the southeast part of the country, and cleaner-burning natural gas is moving to replace coal in power generation. Turkey has quite a few allies in European Union who do a great job on dealing with environment pollution issues. For example, the UK, enforce Clean Air Act in 1956, reform the civilian range in order to decrease the coal consumption. The UK also encourage citizens riding bicycle instead of cars; increase the city greening. In order to improve the environment situation, the government is going to set specific department dealing the pollution issues. And we won’t give up the environment while developing the industry any more. Hope the situation is going to be better and better under our hard work. Topic: Obesity
Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates, South Africa has a big issue in obesity. From age 20 ~ 70, 16% of these people in our country are obesity. And years after years, the number of obesity started to increase. People called us South Africans among world's over weight people. Seriously, death is the final result of obesity. Nowadays, the number of death rate from obesity are on the rise. South Africa haven’t taken any action yet. But we will. We need time for this. Many country insist that we must take action. We agree. But It just need time. We are working on it. We should learn from other country. Other country let people who brought junk food to pay junk food tax. Country like America tell people how dangerous the obesity is. In 2012, there is a TV program on HBO called “The weight of the nation”. American people use this program to tell the people how dangerous the obesity is and how to prevent it. I think this is a good way. We think we should reduce the amount of junk food and fast food , they are the main reason that people get obesity. We must limit the amount of these kind of restaurants And we must tell people how dangerous the obesity is. We would like to decrease the percentage of people who is obesity. Topic: Pollution Honorable Chair and Follow delegates. The pollution has been a major issue to our country for a decade. We got a serious water pollution. It can cause many problems for our country. The dirty water seeped through the underground water table and some of the dirty water sprayed over crops. Even some polluted water went into our underground water system. The polluted water can become a life threatening. But we have taken action in the issue.We have the water treatment plants. These plants can help us to get rid of the dirty things in the water. This is really helpful to our country. Many of our allies use the same kind of method to get clean water, our biggest ally China has a good method to get rid of the water pollution issue. China has Septic Tanks which can separate the solids from liquids. So the dirty particles will be separate from clean water. We learned a lot of things from other countries and we hope everybody in this world can clean water. We want the owners of the factories to have the awareness to protect the environment. Topic: Development and pollution
Honorable chair and fellow delegates, Since 1992 the United Nations named Mexico City "the most polluted city on the planet." At the time pollution was thought to cause 1,000 deaths and 35,000 hospitalizations per year. Historic air pollution episodes of the 1950s led to acute increases in infant mortality. Connections have also been found between air pollution and school absenteeism among children in Mexico City, between air pollution and heart rate variability among the elderly in Mexico City, and between urban air pollutants on emergency visits for childhood asthma in Mexico City. Starting in the 1980s, through the Mexican government's requirement that gasoline be reformulated, that polluting factories be closed or moved, and that drivers be prohibited from using their car one day per week. Ever since 1989, the municipal government of Mexico City has implemented the policy of “No drive today”. In china the solutions to control the air pollution is to quit coal and move away from fossil fuels, replacing them with clean, renewable energy. It took a lot of efforts for the municipal government of Mexico City to control their emissions in order to improve air quality, including the replacement of old vehicles that emit seriously, the adoption of clean energy sources such as unleaded gasoline and natural gas, further development of public transportation, implementation of vehicle restrictions, imposition of a higher gasoline tax, relocation of refineries and other factories, and so on. Topic: Obesity and overweight Honorable chair and fellow delegates, As of 2000, individual calorie intake consumed has been speculated to be approximately 2500-3060 calories per day, 30% more than in 1962. By 2010, seven out of ten Mexicans were overweight with a third clinically obese. Mexico ranks second in the world in adult obesity, and first for childhood obesity with about 4.5 million children diagnosed. Mexico's government has created nutrition programs, especially in vulnerable people and low-income sectors. These include food distribution among low-income communities, micronutrient supplementation, and fortification of food. All of this is made to fight the deficient of vitamins and minerals. One of these initiatives is implemented by the Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS). This program is known as “Preven-IMSS” (Prevent-IMSS). Another government initiative is with Mexico's Health Ministry called “Oportunidades” (Opportunities) and “Liconsa”. Some other countries have some good examples on controling this issue like in Australia, Tax incentives to make healthier fruits and vegetables more affordable for Australians, and pressing the government to work with the food industry to lower fat and sugar levels in existing processed food. The United States: Passed laws banning the sale of machine-dispensed snacks and drinks in elementary schools in 2003. Obesity is a very big issue in Mexico. In 2010 there were about 300000 people died of diabetes caused by obesity, high blood pressure, high cholesterol and cardiovascular disease. The government would like to suggest people go outside to have more activities instead of staying at home. Call on teenagers to have healthy diet. Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates, Topic: The obesity Epidemic
Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates Obesity is a spreading epidemic that has high rates for the general population and high cost for the national health system. To evaluate prevalence of obesity, its co-morbilities and predisposing factors through the Second National Survey on Overweight and Obesity in Uruguay (ENSO 2) in people between 18 and 65 years, or older, carried out in 2006. Uruguay conducted a transversal observational study over a representative group of the urban country, 91% of the total population. N= 900 (399 men and 501 women (women/man= 1.25). Subjects were interviewed, weighed and measured in their homes. We covered 10 out of the 19 territorial divisions in the country. in Uruguay, 54% of the adult population reaches or exceeds the 25 kg/m 2 body mass index (BMI = body weight in kg / height in m 2 ) and 20% = 30 kg /m 2 BMI. One out of two Uruguayan adults is overweight or obese and one out of five is obese. We highlighted risk groups and opportunities for prevention. The study also exam-ined the association between obesity and cardiometabolic diseases, which dramatically increase aligned with the BMI and the waist circumference, type 2 diabetes and stroke. Epidemic figures corresponding to obe-sity and its co-morbilities determine both high health risks for the general population, and high economic costs for our national health system. Uruguay want use the opportunity to decrease the rate of obesity and decrease the death of obesity, also we need improve our food as soon as possible to avoid some ingredients that can cause people fat. Topic: Development and pollution Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates Air and water pollution are environmental concerns in Uruguay. Air pollution, which is worse in the larger population centers, is caused primarily by Uruguay's own industries and by an energy plant in neighboring Brazil. Water pollution from mining and industrial sources threatens the nation's water supply, especially pollution from the meat packing and tannery industry. Uruguay has 59 cu km of renewable water resources with 91% used for farming activity and 3% for industrial purposes. About 98% of the population has access to safe drinking water. Natural hazards to the environment include drought, flooding, and fires. Erosion of the soil affects the nation's agricultural productivity. The nation's cities produce about 0.5 million tons of solid waste per year. Government agencies with environmental responsibilities include the Division of Environmental Health, within the Ministry of Public Health; the Ministry of Agriculture; and the Interior Ministry. As of 2001, 5 of Uruguay's mammal species and 11 of its bird species were endangered. Two types of plants were threatened with extinction. Endangered species included the tundra peregrine falcon, two species of turtle (green sea and leatherback), and two species of crocodile (spectacled caiman and broad-nosed caiman). The macaw has become extinct. By 2002, the total debt stood at around $13.5 billion, some 65% of GDP, and the fiscal deficit stood at around 3% of GDP. Uruguay is diversifying its export base, has a well-run offshore financial center, and has significantly improved the structure of the economy We want decrease the pollution of the industry, save the energy and improve the quality of the water and air. Stop to build the industry, protect the water resources and dispose the pollution in an appropriate place. Pollution and Water pollution is a major environmental concern in Venezuela. Rivers, lakes, and underground aquifers are becoming increasingly polluted due to oil development, untreated sewage wastes, and fertilizer run-off. Lake Maracaibo, Venezuela's largest lake, is suffering from increased pollution, and the resort island of Margarita suffers from frequent water shortages as the island's population exceeds its infrastructure's ability to provide water and treat waste. According to news reports in August 1999, the state oil company, PdVSA, faces about $1.5 billion in environmental liabilities. Cleaning up 15,000 oil pits, which collect contaminated sludge from oil wells, alone could cost $1 billion. Periodic spills have damaged local flora and fauna, with negative implications for biodiversity and for the local economy. Environmental concerns traditionally have not been a major focus of PdVSA, but the company has now adopted an environmental policy and pledges to rank environmental protection as one of its top goals. It now is in the process of cleaning up the most environmentally dangerous oil pits, many of which are seeping into Venezuela's water supplies
Pollution
Honorable chair and fellow delegates, Now environment pollution is become a very big problem in many countries. So does Malaysia. In Malaysia the water pollution is a big problem. The data show us in Malaysia there are 42 rivers have severe water pollution and 16rivers have water pollution. There are many seas have pollution too. In the seas the water pollution cause over 1million fishes died and it cause many people who make money by feeding fishes in the sea go bankrupt. Malaysian government imports a new technology. It can cleanse water. It can filter impurity which in the water. It clean water and then fishes can live in water which is polluted again. In Japan the water pollution is a big problem too. So Malaysia and Japan, these two countries throw cooperation made this technology. And Japan invested about 22 millions RMB for this technology. But Malaysia is a developing country and we don’t have enough money to stop the water pollution and cleanse water by make new technology so we want the factories stop put the pollution water into the river and citizens stop throw rubbish into the river! Obesity epidemic Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates, Now more and more people got obesity epidemic in Malaysia. And more and more people get diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and more and more people have high cholesterol. Now in Malaysia there are over 6millions people got obesity epidemic that means there are about 15.1% people got obesity epidemic and Malaysia government is very worry about this. There are so Malaysian get obesity epidemic because Malaysian eat too much fast food. Malaysian ministry of health appeal citizens controls their diet when they are just a baby and eat less fast food. In Malaysia army, there are many privates get obesity epidemic too. Government issued a message, if the fat privates can lose 10kg in 6months, he will get reward. In Indian they have this problem too: there are too many privates overweight. Their government said if they can’t lose weight they will lose this job! Malaysia want to citizens can resist fast food and let the body drink breast milk but not milk powder! Topic: The obesity Epidemic
Honorable Chair, Fellow delegates. The Obesity Epidemic is one of the most important issue in Saudi Arabia. In 2004, Saudi Arabia is the fourth highest rate of obesity country in the world. In 2006, 52% of men, 66% of women, 18% of teenagers, and 15% of preschoolers were overweight or obese. Rates were high amongst children aged 5–17, as 16.7% of boys and 19.4% of girls were overweight. In 2008, 17.99% of deaths were caused by cardiovascular disease. During this year, 95% of the 424,968 total appointments to diabetics clinics were made for Saudi citizens. 55% of these diabetic citizens were women and 44% were men. But my country has already paid more attention on the obesity epidemic. In 2012, the rate of obese men is 30% and women is 37%. Saudi Arabia government advocate school give students rigorous exercise, at least 3 times a week, and also provide some medicine for obese people. And my ally- America is the highest rate of obesity country and America has already done something to reduce it. For example, in California, prohibit vending machine to sell snacks and beverage to primary school. Now, Saudi Arabia want to compromise with religious belief, because that causes women in Saudi Arabia have an increased risk of obesity. Topic: Pollution and Development Honorable Chair, Fellow delegates. Saudi Arabia produces a lot of oil so air pollution in my country is very serious. However, Saudi Arabia pay more attention on this problem, industry sources estimate Saudi annual imports of air pollution control and monitoring equipment at around $50 million, with companies from the United States leading other country suppliers at $37.5 million, almost 75 percent of total imports. Saudi Aramco has developed a broad array of operational requirements, engineering, and performance guidelines to direct its commitment to the environment. These include sanitary codes; project environmental assessments, air and water quality standards, occupational health regulations, hazardous material transportation and handling, waste management procedures, and vital oil spill contingency plans. My ally- America also is worried about pollution. The US has set up the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to protect human health and safeguard the natural environment. Saudi Arabia want to find a more green way to produce oil, but we can’t stop to produce because oil is my country the most important source of finance. Honorable Chair and Fellow Delegates,
Pollution becomes a serious problem nowadays. Capital Tehran has considered as one of the most polluted cities in the world. A rising incidence of respiratory illnesses is caused by pollutions. Much of Iran’s territory suffers from desertification and deforestation. Industrial and urban wastewater runoff has contaminated rivers and coastal waters and threatened drinking water supplies. Wetlands and bodies of fresh water increasingly are being destroyed as industry. A report by the United Nations Environment Programme ranked Iran at 117th place among 133 countries in terms of environmental indexes For responding this issue, though Iran has not yet developed a policy of sustainable development, it has taken traffic management, vehicle inspection, general use of electric bicycles and electronic government as a part of solution. Buses and cars will also run on natural gas in the future. It likes the way that Azerbaijan protects its environment as improving ecological situation and also wants to take precedence to its short term economic goals. Iran has signed Environmental Modification, Law of the Sea, Marine Life Conservation but still not ratified. Now, Iran would like to develop economic goals as well as improve its terrible environment and contends that the international rush to develop oil and gas reserves in the Caspian Sea presents that region with a new set of environmental threats. |